7
The information landscape in ZOIL can be regarded as such
an attempt to visually map as much as possible of the user’s
PSI and to provide a visual information workspace unifying
heterogeneous information items of different forms and
from different data sources and devices (e.g. the file system,
remote servers, web services, currently connected devices).
Thereby the default layout of visualizations and content in
the information landscape is predefined by the UI designer.
However, the concept of portals and direct manipulation
enables the user to customize or create own layouts
according to the user’s typical information needs or her
personal view of the PSI. As described in the previous
section, important views or visual queries on the
information space can be stored at prominent places for
later use or subsets of information items can be dragged to
arbitrary locations to arrange or annotate them freely on a
canvas. This allows the user to design the appearance of the
work environment, for example to create regions in the
information landscape that can be used as visual equivalents
to to-do lists or bookmarks supporting typical tasks in PIM.
Furthermore sketching, drawing or annotation tools can be
used to create own visual arrangements and visual
landmarks to facilitate information access and spatial
orientation or to allow zoomable presentations of content
within the information landscape. Thus the information
landscape can also be used as a versatile direct
manipulation authoring and annotation tool comparable to
the multiscale editor “MuSE” of Furnas & Zhang [15]. In
combination with pen-based devices like Tablet PCs or in
environments with large displays this allows the use of a
ZOIL-based user interface not only as a PIM tool, but also
as a novel artistic or collaborative work environment.
Figure 7. ZOIL as a cross-platform user interface paradigm
deploying the personal information space to various devices.
ZOIL Design Principle 5: Nomadic Cross-platform User
Interfaces
Due to the nature of ZUIs a ZOIL user interface scales to
different display sizes and screen resolutions. This
scalability facilitates the preservation of a consistent user
interface and interaction style regardless of the employed
device. ZOIL therefore leads to a significant improvement
of the cross-platform consistency leading to high a degree
of “horizontal usability” [34].
Figure 8. ZOIL-based user interfaces on a PDA, Tablet PC,
Multitouch Display and a large high-resolution display.
In our vision of nomadic personal information management
(see figure 7) the user can easily access her/his personal
information from any device connected to the World Wide
Web. Similar to current web-based email accounts the user
simply logs into a web server which then provides the
user’s personal information in a familiar ZOIL-based rich
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